Types of warehouses
Traditionally warehouses in India
were broadly classified in to public private bonded government and co-
operative warehouses. Lately the concepts of cold chains container freight
stations CFS and inland container depots ICD have been gaining importance.
Increasing post harvest losses have propelled the development of cold storages
to enable the storage of agricultural produce almost throughout the year.
Similarly growing international trade and manufacturing activity has led to
growing container trade and a greater emphasis on the concept of CFS and ICDs
for easy maintenance and reduced pilferage of cargo.
Public warehouses
Warehouses licensed by the
government to private entities individual or cooperative societies to store
goods of the general public are called public warehouses. Usually these
warehouses are set up at transportation points of railways highways and
waterways, providing the facilities of receipt, dispatch loading and unloading
of goods. They are rented out against a certain fee. The government also
regulates the functions and operations of these warehouses used mostly by
manufacturers, wholesalers, exporters importers government agencies etc. they
are economical and easily available storage facilities for small manufacturers
and traders too. Some warehouses provide facilities for the inspection of goods
and also permit packaging and grading. The public warehousing receipts serve as
goods collateral securities for borrowings.
Private warehouses
These warehouses are owned by
private entities or individuals and are used exclusively for the goods owned
imported by or on behalf of the licensee. The warehouses are usually
constructed at strategic locations to cater various manufacturing business and
service units. They are flexible enough to be customized in terms of storage
and placement, according to the nature of the products.
Bonded warehouses
The concept of bonded warehouses
was developed in order to facilitate the deferred payment of customs duty by
entrepreneurs exporters and importers to enable them to carry out their
operations with least investment. These warehouses are used to store imported
goods under an undertaking or bond which does not allow the release of goods
until the custom duties are paid. These are generally owned managed and
controlled by both government and private parties and are established near
ports. Government and private parties together manage bonded warehouses.
Currently the central warehousing corporation operates 75 custom bonded
warehouses with a total capacity of nearly 0.5 million MTs located at
Ahmadabad, Bangalore, Bhopal, Chandigarh, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Jaipur, J
N port, Kolkata, Kochi, Lucknow and Mumbai.
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